Stimulant addiction
Written by:
Medically Reviewed by:
This Page was last reviewed and changed on October 10th, 2023
Whether an individual uses stimulants socially or recreationally, to combat tiredness, to enhance performance, to stay focused, or to self-medicate, all paths have the potential to lead to stimulant addiction. Stimulant drugs are the most commonly used in the UK, with stimulant addiction affecting people of all ages and backgrounds.
On this page, we will look at the different types of stimulants, the effects they have, and the stimulant addiction treatment options available to you.
What are stimulants?
‘Stimulant’ is a broad term referring to substances that increase activity in the brain and central nervous system, leading to heightened alertness, confidence, concentration, or excitement. These substances range from caffeine and nicotine, to illicit drugs like cocaine, meth, and ecstasy.
Another branch of stimulants is over-the-counter, or prescription stimulants. Often referred to as ‘study drugs’ or ‘smart drugs’, these substances are usually taken to enhance performance, rather than to get high. Stimulants like Adderall, Ritalin, Concerta, and Modafinil, amongst others, are used to treat conditions like ADHD and narcolepsy. When someone without these conditions uses the drugs, it results in increased alertness and focus.
Are stimulants addictive?
Stimulants are psychoactive drugs that impact physical and mental functions, and while there are many different types, all have addictive potential. As with any mind-altering drug, the changes to the brain’s balance of neurotransmitters, notably dopamine and norepinephrine, results in a chemical imbalance. With prolonged or regular use, the brain will reduce its own production of dopamine and norepinephrine and begin to rely on stimulants to feed these levels instead. The user will eventually become dependent on stimulants just to feel ‘normal’ and may find it difficult to quit on their own.
It is a common misconception that prescription stimulants are not addictive in comparison to illegal drugs or alcohol, as they are authorised by a doctor. While these substances may have legitimate medical purposes and are legal, the dangers of abuse and addiction are still very much present. The fact is, any drug that has psychoactive effects has the potential to become addictive.
Who is at risk of stimulant addiction?
Students and athletes are particularly at risk of stimulant addiction, drawn to these substances because of their effects on performance. Users may begin using particular stimulants such as Ritalin to provide mental clarity and enhance concentration and focus. The widespread availability of stimulants on the internet also makes them easy to procure, and all the more alluring.
Stimulant addiction can also be high among secondary school and university students who often begin using stimulants as a way of boosting grades and becoming more competitive academically. A recent study shows that one in five people have previously used stimulants to boost concentration and focus. This widespread use and general acceptance of performance-enhancing stimulants amongst young people means that stimulant addiction can go largely unnoticed. Users are often unaware or in denial about the dangers of stimulants, or may try to outweigh any negative side effects with the prospect of better performance.
Individuals diagnosed with conditions like ADHD are also at risk of stimulant addiction as they may gradually increase their doses without medical supervision, resulting in dependence to the drug. Co-occurring mental health issues are also frequently seen alongside stimulant addiction as users may turn to stimulants to fight symptoms of depression, bipolar, and other mood disorders.
Who is at risk of stimulant addiction?
If you are concerned about your own stimulant use, or that of a loved one, you may have noticed several telling signs of stimulant addiction, prompting you to seek help. Some signs that you may be addicted to stimulants include:
- Inability to reduce dosage or stop taking stimulants
- Reliance on stimulants to carry out everyday tasks
- Needing increasingly higher doses of stimulants to feel the same effects
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms if you try to cut down
As with any other drug, stimulant addiction can have catastrophic consequences on your health, finances, relationships, work, or education. If you are trapped in a damaging cycle of stimulant abuse and want to get help, don’t delay – our team at UKAT can guide you.
The dangers of stimulant addiction
From over-the-counter stimulants to illicit drugs, all pose a serious risk to your health and wellbeing if abused. Stimulant addiction and abuse subjects the user to both short and long term side-effects. These can include:
- Impaired decision-making ability
- Increased chance of reckless behaviour
- Increased heart rate and blood pressure
- Raised body temperature (hyperthermia)
- Reduced appetite
- Anxiety
- Nausea
- Body tremors
- Damage to the heart
- Damage to the kidneys
- Seizures
- Coma
Using stimulants of any type carries the prospect of danger, and can seriously jeopardise your health. Prolonged abuse of stimulants can significantly impact both the brain and body.
The dangers of polydrug use
Users of stimulants frequently take them alongside other drugs, including illegal drugs, over-the-counter medications, and alcohol. This can lead to serious and life-threatening consequences, including:
- Increased blood pressure
- Heart palpitations
- Heart failure
- Stroke
- Overdose
The body is put under enormous strain as it tries to compensate for the opposing effects of each drug, and this puts the user at a greater risk of harm. Polydrug use is often seen in those suffering from an addiction to stimulants, and so it is advisable that treatment is sought as soon as possible to avoid any potential dangers associated with polydrug use.
The dangers of polydrug use
Users of stimulants frequently take them alongside other drugs, including illegal drugs, over-the-counter medications, and alcohol. This can lead to serious and life-threatening consequences, including:
- Increased blood pressure
- Heart palpitations
- Heart failure
- Stroke
- Overdose
The body is put under enormous strain as it tries to compensate for the opposing effects of each drug, and this puts the user at a greater risk of harm. Polydrug use is often seen in those suffering from an addiction to stimulants, and so it is advisable that treatment is sought as soon as possible to avoid any potential dangers associated with polydrug use.
Can stimulant addiction be treated?
Fortunately, stimulant addiction can be treated just like any other and usually involves a stimulant detox period, followed by rehabilitation in the form of therapies, and other holistic treatment methods. Private, inpatient facilities offer the most comprehensive and effective treatments, giving you the best opportunity to get clean and stay clean.
Our nationwide UKAT facilities offer expert support to those suffering from stimulant addiction, with our team of specialists there to guide you every step of the way. Our aim is to create an understanding, non-judgmental, and calm environment that allows you to fully focus on your onward recovery.
How to help a loved one with stimulant addiction
If you are concerned about a loved one’s potential stimulant addiction and have noticed signs of stimulant abuse, it is important to approach them in the right way. It is vital that you prepare yourself for any conversations beforehand, and provide both understanding and support to your loved one. Some important factors to consider before approaching a conversation include:
- Ask questions to gain a better understanding of your loved one’s stimulant addiction
- Avoid accusatory or confrontational statements
- Avoid having conversations when emotions are running high
- Approach them during a period of sobriety
- Research treatment options and share them with your loved one
- Set boundaries and stick to them
Family members can often feel overwhelmed, frustrated, and helpless as they watch their loved ones battle stimulant addiction. It is important to remember that you do not have to go through this alone – our team of experienced professionals can provide advice and support if you need it.
The next steps
If stimulant addiction has taken over your life and you are struggling to take back control, we are here to support you. UKAT’s leading team of specialists can provide you with an individualised assessment and recommended treatment programmes designed to promote a lasting recovery.
Sometimes it can be hard to admit there is a problem, but taking that first step will be the pivotal moment toward a happier, healthier life.
