Bipolar disorder and addiction

Last Updated:

September 5th, 2024

If you are grappling with bipolar disorder, you will already be well aware of the profound impact it can have on a person’s life. Bipolar disorder is one of the most complex and misunderstood mental health conditions, characterised by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy and ability to function. The intensity of bipolar disorder can be overwhelming enough on its own, but when accompanied by addiction, the challenges can multiply exponentially. This dual diagnosis can make you feel as if you’re trapped in an endless cycle of despair, but it is crucial to understand that there is hope. Professional support and treatment from UKAT can lead to meaningful recovery, enabling you to overcome addiction and simultaneously develop strategies to manage bipolar disorder better.

What is bipolar disorder?

Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression, is a mental health condition marked by extreme mood swings. These include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression), which can last for weeks or even months in some cases.

There are three main types of bipolar disorder, which affect around 1.3 million people in the UK alone:

Bipolar I disorder

This type is defined by manic episodes lasting at least seven days or by manic symptoms that are so severe that immediate hospital care is needed. Depressive episodes also occur, typically lasting at least two weeks. Sometimes, symptoms of mania and depression can coexist in a mixed episode.

Bipolar II disorder

Bipolar II is characterised by a pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes but not the full-blown manic episodes that are typical of Bipolar I disorder. Hypomania is a less severe form of mania and may not lead to the same level of disruption as mania.

Cyclothymic disorder

Also known as Cyclothymia, this disorder involves periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms lasting for at least two years (one year in children and adolescents). However, the symptoms do not meet the diagnostic requirements for a hypomanic episode and a depressive episode.

What are common bipolar disorder symptoms and signs?

Bipolar Disorder can affect various aspects of your life, including your energy level, activity, judgement, behaviour and the ability to think clearly. Common bipolar disorder symptoms include:

During manic episodes

  • Feelings of euphoria
  • Inflated self-esteem
  • Poor judgement
  • Rapid speech
  • Racing thoughts
  • Aggressive behaviour
  • Agitation or irritation
  • Increased physical activity
  • Risky behaviour
  • Spending sprees or unwise financial decisions
  • A reduced need for sleep

    • During depressive episodes

  • Feelings of sadness and/or hopelessness
  • Suicidal thoughts or behaviour
  • Anxiety
  • Guilt
  • Sleep problems
  • Low appetite or increased appetite
  • Fatigue
  • Loss of interest in activities once considered enjoyable
  • Problems concentrating
  • Irritability
  • Chronic pain without a known cause

    • If you notice these symptoms or signs of bipolar disorder in yourself or someone you know, it is worth getting a professional diagnosis to check whether you need professional treatment and support.

    How do co-occurring bipolar disorder and addiction develop?

    The interplay between bipolar disorder and addiction is complex. Often, people with bipolar disorder turn to drugs or alcohol as a way to self-medicate and cope with their bipolar disorder symptoms. Unfortunately, substance abuse usually exacerbates the condition, leading to a worsening of symptoms and often triggering manic or depressive episodes. The cycle of addiction and mental health problems then becomes entrenched over time, making each condition more difficult to treat.

    At UKAT, we have seen various forms of addiction co-occurring with bipolar disorder, including:

    Drug addiction and bipolar disorder

    The use of drugs as a form of self-medication is common among individuals with bipolar disorder. For example, stimulants may be used during depressive episodes to enhance mood or energy levels, while depressants may be used to calm manic episodes. Ultimately, through prolonged use, individuals can become reliant on these substances to manage bipolar disorder symptoms, which can quickly lead to addiction.

    Bipolar disorder alcohol addiction

    Those with Bipolar Disorder often use alcohol to alleviate discomfort from their symptoms. However, alcohol use, particularly heavy or chronic drinking, can exacerbate mood instability and depressant effects, complicating the course of the disorder. This then leads to more alcohol use to try and temper these intensified symptoms, creating a cycle of addiction.

    Bipolar and sex addiction

    Some individuals with bipolar disorder may engage in hypersexual behaviour, particularly during manic phases. This can manifest as sex addiction, where the pursuit of sexual activity becomes compulsive and detrimental to daily functioning and relationships.

    Bipolar and gambling addiction

    Gambling addiction in the context of Bipolar Disorder often occurs during manic episodes as heightened impulsivity and risk-taking behaviours lead to compulsive gambling. This can provide temporary relief, but when gambling addiction develops, it only further complicates an already complicated situation.

    Bipolar and love addiction

    With love addiction, individuals with Bipolar Disorder might experience an intense and obsessive preoccupation with a romantic partner, especially during manic or hypomanic phases. This can result in a pattern of unstable relationships and emotional turmoil, exacerbating the challenges of managing Bipolar Disorder.

    What does treatment for bipolar disorder and addiction involve?

    At UKAT, we understand that the complexities of co-occurring mental health and addiction issues require a carefully designed, professionally administered treatment plan. Our rehab centres offer comprehensive addiction treatment, which also helps our clients manage co-occurring conditions like bipolar disorder. Our exclusive UKAT London Clinic can go beyond this, specialising in bespoke treatment programmes for addiction, bipolar disorder and dual diagnosis. Our rehab treatment approaches include:

    One-to-one therapy
    These sessions will focus on how bipolar disorder and addiction interact in your life and how mood swings may trigger substance use and vice versa. Together with your therapist, you will develop coping strategies for managing both conditions, with a special emphasis on recognising triggers and stabilising mood swings to prevent relapse.
    Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
    CBT involves identifying thought patterns that lead to mood instability and substance abuse and learning techniques to replace them with healthier alternatives. This approach will help you manage the impulsivity often seen in bipolar disorder, reducing the likelihood of turning to substances as a coping mechanism.
    Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)
    DBT is particularly effective for helping you manage the intense emotions associated with bipolar disorder. It teaches skills for regulating emotions and reducing the urge to self-medicate with substances, addressing the core issues of both conditions.
    Group therapy
    In group therapy, you will connect with others who are also navigating the complexities of addiction and mental health conditions. This shared experience allows for deeper understanding and support and will introduce you to strategies that have worked for others in similar situations.
    Meditation and mindfulness
    Practising meditation and mindfulness can be incredibly beneficial for stabilising mood and improving impulse control, crucial in managing both bipolar disorder and addiction. These techniques will help you stay grounded and present, reducing the likelihood of engaging in substance abuse as a response to mood swings.
    Trauma-based therapy
    Many individuals with Bipolar Disorder and addiction have a history of trauma, but these therapies focus on addressing these underlying issues. By processing and healing from past trauma, you can break the cycle of using substances to cope with the painful memories.
    Art therapy
    Art therapy offers a powerful way for you to express complex emotions related to bipolar disorder and addiction. It provides a non-verbal outlet to explore feelings like frustration, sadness or euphoria, which are often difficult to articulate but are central to your experiences.
    Sound therapy
    Sound therapy aims to harmonise your emotional state, which can often be erratic due to bipolar disorder. It can help in soothing mood swings and reducing the stress that can lead to substance use.
    Aftercare
    Our aftercare programme involves weekly group therapy tailored to support your ongoing journey. These sessions provide a platform for continuous learning and support, focusing on long-term strategies for maintaining both bipolar stability and sobriety.

    Start the journey to a whole new life today

    Embarking on the journey of recovery from bipolar disorder and addiction can be daunting, but it is a path filled with infinite hope and possibility. At UKAT, we are committed to providing the support and care necessary to navigate this journey successfully. Our comprehensive approach to treatment is designed to address your unique challenges, offering a foundation for long-term recovery and a more stable, fulfilling life. Remember, you’re not alone in this; we are here to guide you every step of the way. Contact UKAT to start your journey to a whole new life today.

    Call us now for help
    +44 2039 496 584

    FAQ’s

    Is multiple personality disorder the same as bipolar disorder?
    No, multiple personality disorder, now known as dissociative identity disorder (DID), is not the same as bipolar disorder. DID is characterised by two or more distinct personality states or identities within a single individual and an inability to recall personal information beyond what is typical for forgetfulness. In contrast, bipolar disorder is a mood disorder marked by extreme mood swings, including manic highs and depressive lows. While both are complex mental health conditions, they have distinct symptoms, causes and treatment approaches.
    Can you become addicted to bipolar disorder medication?
    Addiction to bipolar disorder medication is generally uncommon, especially when these medications are used as prescribed. Most bipolar medications, like mood stabilisers and antipsychotics, do not possess addictive properties. However, some medications used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, particularly certain types of sedatives or anxiety medications, can have a potential for dependence if not used correctly. It is important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions and discuss any concerns about your medication with them.

    (Click here to see works cited)

    • Bipolar UK. “What is bipolar?” Bipolar UK, 2023, https://www.bipolaruk.org/pages/faqs/category/what-is-bipolar. Accessed 19 December 2023.